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Paiton Power Station is a large thermal power station located around 35 km to the east of the town of Probolinggo in East Java in Indonesia, about half way between Probolinggo and Situbondo. The extensive complex has a maximum generating capacity of around 4,000 megawatts. ==History of the plant== The history of the construction of the complex, along with the financial arrangements, involved considerable controversy in the wake of the 1997-98 financial crisis in Indonesia.〔'(Common sense a must in Paiton row' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 December 1999. See also '(Govt to take action over alleged KKN in Paiton deal' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 24 December 1999.〕 The firm decision to begin construction of the power complex was taken in April 1994 after negotiations which had commenced some years earlier. The construction of the Paiton complex was seen as important because it was part of an ambitious program announced in the mid 1990s in Indonesia to construct 27 power plants in cooperation with the private sector through IPP (Independent Power Producer) arrangements.〔The World Bank-affiliate MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) was involved in providing some guarantees for the Paiton project. Brief details are at a (MIGA Paiton Brief ).〕 But following the 1997-98 financial crisis in Indonesia, the IPP arrangements were widely regarded in Indonesia as inappropriate contracts which, as a result of faulty contract negotiations, had passed an excessive allocation of financial risk onto the Indonesian state.〔For an extensive survey of the experience in Indonesia in the late 1990s in aiming to develop the electric power sector in cooperation with the private sector, see Louis T. Wells, "Private power in Indonesia", ''Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies'', Vol 43, No 3, December 2007, pp.341-365.〕 According to the original contract signed between the Indonesian state-owned electric power company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) and PT Paiton, PLN was to pay PT Paiton a price of slightly over US 8 cents/kWh during the first 12 years of operation of the plant. However, following the dramatic plunge in the value of the rupiah during the 1997-98 crisis, PLN's financial situation deteriorated sharply (because many of the costs of the PLN were in $US while revenues were in rupiahs). In 1999, the PLN therefore moved to demand that the contract be renegotiated.〔'(PLN moves to cancel Paiton contract' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 8 October 1999.〕 After difficult negotiations, agreement was reached in mid-2002 for the PLN to pay PT Paiton a reduced price of slightly less than US 5 cents/kWh for part of the output from the Paiton complex.〔A'an Suryana, '(Government, PT Paiton reach power deal' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 5 July 2002.〕 More recently, the capacity of the plants at the site has been extended. In 2004 it was announced by one of the firms operating at the complex, PT Paiton Energy, that an additional 800 MW (expected to cost around $US 850 million) would be added to the 1,290 MW capacity that the firm operated at the site.〔Tony Hotland, '(Paiton Energy will expand power plant' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 8 June 2004.〕 In mid 2012, PT Paiton Energy (a joint venture between French and Japanese companies) launched the commercial operation of the unit (rated at 815 MW) at the complex, adding around 5% to the capacity of the Java-Bali power grid.〔Rabby Pramudatama, '(Java-Bali grid gets 5 percent boost from Paiton-3' ), ''The Jakarta Post'', 6 June 2012.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paiton Power Station」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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